INCLUDE WHEN CITING Published online December 17, 2021; DOI: 10.3171/2021.9.JNS212153.
Disclosures Dr. Foley: consultant for Medtronic; direct stock ownership in Accelus, Companion Spine, Discgenics, DuraStat, Medtronic, NuVasive, Practical Navigation, RevBio, Spine Wave, Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, Triad Life Sciences, and True Digital Surgery; patent holder with Medtronic and NuVasive; royalties from Medtronic; and board of directors of Discgenics, DuraStat, RevBio, Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, Triad Life Sciences, and True Digital Surgery. Dr. Shaffrey: consultant for NuVasive, Medtronic, and SI Bone; direct stock ownership in NuVasive; patent holder with Medtronic, NuVasive, SI Bone, and Zimmer Biomet; and royalties from Medtronic and NuVasive. Dr. Coric: consultant for Globus Medical, Medtronic, and Spine Wave; royalties from Integrity Implants, Spine Wave, Stryker, Medtronic, RTI Surgical, and Globus Medical. Dr. Bisson: consultant for MiRus, Stryker, and Medtronic; and direct stock ownership in nView and MiRus. Dr. Glassman: employee of Norton Healthcare; consultant for Stryker and Medtronic; patent holder with Medtronic; clinical or research support for the study described from NuVasive; royalties from Medtronic; past president of the Scoliosis Research Society; and co-chair of the American Spine Registry. Dr. Mummaneni: consultant for DePuy Spine, Globus, and Stryker; royalties from DePuy Spine, Thieme Publishing, and Springer Publishing; direct stock ownership in Spinicity/ISD; support of non–study-related clinical or research effort from AO Spine and ISSG; and clinical or research support for the study described from NREF.
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