Relationship of aggressive monitoring and treatment to improved outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury

Clinical article

Sherman C. Stein M.D.1, Patrick Georgoff B.S.1, Sudha Meghan1, Kasim L. Mirza B.S.E.1, and Omar M. El Falaky M.D., Ph.D.2
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  • 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
  • | 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Page Range:
1105–1112
Volume/Issue:
Volume 112: Issue 5
DOI link:
https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.8.JNS09738
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Object

Despite being common practice for decades and being recommended by national guidelines, aggressive monitoring and treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been supported by convincing evidence.

Methods

The authors reviewed trials and case series reported after 1970 in which patients were treated for severe closed TBI, and mortality rates and favorable outcomes at 6 months after injury were analyzed. The patient groups were divided into those with and without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and intensive therapy, and the authors performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of treatment intensity on outcome.

Results

Although the mortality rate fell during the years reviewed, it was consistently ~ 12% lower among patients in the intense treatment group (p < 0.001). Favorable outcomes did not change significantly over time, and were 6% higher among the aggressively treated patients (p = 0.0105).

Conclusions

Aggressive ICP monitoring and treatment of patients with severe TBI is associated with a statistically significant improvement in outcome. This improvement occurs independently of temporal effects.

Abbreviations used in this paper:

ICP = intracranial pressure; RCT = randomized controlled trial; TBI = traumatic brain injury.

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Contributor Notes

Address correspondence to: Sherman C. Stein, M.D., Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 3 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. email: sherman.stein@uphs.upenn.edu.

Please include this information when citing this paper: published online September 11, 2009; DOI: 10.3171/2009.8.JNS09738.

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