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Open access

Low-field magnetic resonance imaging in a boy with intracranial bolt after severe traumatic brain injury: illustrative case

Awais Abbas, Kiran Hilal, Aniqa Abdul Rasool, Ume-Farwah Zahidi, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, and Qalab Abbas

BACKGROUND

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is sensitive to motion and ferromagnetic material, leading to suboptimal images and image artifacts. In many patients with neurological injuries, an intracranial bolt (ICB) is placed for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP). Repeated imaging (computed tomography [CT] or cMRI) is frequently required to guide management. A low-field (0.064-T) portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) machine may provide images in situations that were previously considered contraindications for cMRI.

OBSERVATIONS

A 10-year-old boy with severe traumatic brain injury was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and an ICB was placed. Initial head CT showed a left-sided intraparenchymal hemorrhage with intraventricular dissection and cerebral edema with mass effect. Repeated imaging was required to assess the brain structure because of continually fluctuating ICP. Transferring the patient to the radiology suite was risky because of his critical condition and the presence of an ICB; hence, pMRI was performed at the bedside. Images obtained were of excellent quality without any ICB artifact, guiding the decision to continue to manage the patient conservatively. The child later improved and was discharged from the hospital.

LESSONS

pMRI can be used to obtain excellent images at the bedside in patients with an ICB, providing useful information for better management of patients with neurological injuries.

In Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons Volume 6 (2023): Issue 1 (Jul 2023)

Restricted access

Prehospital and emergency management of pediatric traumatic brain injury: a multicenter site survey

Gawin Mai, Jan Hau Lee, Paula Caporal, Juan D. Roa G., Sebastián González-Dambrauskas, Yanan Zhu, Adriana Yock-Corrales, Qalab Abbas, Yasser Kazzaz, Dianna Sri Dewi, Shu-Ling Chong, , Deborah M. Turina, Jesús A. Domínguez-Rojas, Francisco J. Pilar-Orive, Chin Seng Gan, Qalab Abbas, Willmer E. Diaz Villalobos, Ivan J. Ardila, Rujipat Samransamruajkit, Adriana Yock-Corrales, Marisol Fonseca, Gabriela Aparicio, Juan C. Jaramillo-Bustamante, Pei-Chuen Lee, Thelma E. Teran, Nicolas Monteverde-Fernandez, María Miñambres Rodríguez, Juan D. Roa G, Chunfeng Liu, Tao Zhang, Meixiu Ming, Hongxing Dang, Hiroshi Kurosawa, Freddy Israel Pantoja Chamorro, Deiby Lasso Noguera, Esteban Cerón, Natalia Gómez Arriola, and Ruben Eduardo Lasso Palomino

OBJECTIVE

There is a paucity of information on pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) care in Asia and Latin America. In this study, the authors aimed to describe the clinical practices of emergency departments (EDs) participating in the Saline in Asia and Latin-America Neurotrauma in the Young (SALTY) study, by comparing designated trauma centers (DTCs) and nontrauma centers (NTCs) in their networks.

METHODS

The authors performed a site survey study on pediatric TBI management in the EDs in 14 countries. Two European centers joined other participating sites in Asia and Latin America. Questions were formulated after a critical review of current TBI guidelines and published surveys. The authors performed a descriptive analysis and stratified centers based on DTC status.

RESULTS

Of 24 responding centers (70.6%), 50.0% were DTCs, 70.8% had academic affiliations, and all centers were in urban settings. Patients were predominantly transferred to DTCs by centralized prehospital services compared to those sent to NTCs (83.3% vs 41.7%, p = 0.035). More NTCs received a majority of their patients directly from the trauma scene compared to DTCs (66.7% vs 25.0%, p = 0.041). Ten centers (41.7%) reported the use of a TBI management guideline, and 15 (62.5%) implemented CT protocols. Ten DTCs reported implementation of intervention strategies for suspected raised intracranial pressure (ICP) before conducting a CT scan, and 6 NTCs also followed this practice (83.3% vs 50.0%, p = 0.083). ED management for children with TBI was comparable between DTCs and NTCs in the following aspects: neuroimaging, airway management, ICP monitoring, fluid resuscitation, anticoagulant therapy, and serum glucose control. Hyperventilation therapy for raised ICP was used by 33.3% of sites.

CONCLUSIONS

This study evaluated pediatric TBI management and infrastructure among 24 centers. Limited differences in prehospital care and ED management for pediatric patients with TBI were observed between DTCs and NTCs. Both DTCs and NTCs showed variation in the implementation of current TBI management guidelines. There is an urgent need to investigate specific barriers to guideline implementation in these regions.

In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 31: Issue 6 (Jun 2023)