Short-term and long-term safety of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of movement disorders
Object
The object of this study was to assess the long-term safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a large population of patients with a variety of movement disorders.
Methods
All patients treated with DBS at the authors' center between 1995 and 2005 were assessed for intraoperative, perioperative, and long-term adverse events (AEs).
A total of 319 patients underwent DBS device implantation. Of these 319, 182 suffered from medically refractory Parkinson disease; the other patients had essential tremor (112 patients), dystonia (19 patients), and other hyperkinetic movement disorders (six patients). Intraoperative AEs were rare and included vasovagal response in eight patients (2.5%), syncope in four (1.2%), severe cough in three (0.9%), transient ischemic attack in one (0.3%), arrhythmia in one (0.3%), and confusion in one (0.3%). Perioperative AEs included headache in 48 patients (15.0%), confusion in 16 (5.0%), and hallucinations in nine (2.8%). Serious intraoperative/perioperative AEs included isolated seizure in four patients (1.2%), intracerebral hemorrhage in two patients (0.6%), intraventricular hemorrhage in two patients (0.6%), and a large subdural hematoma in one patient (0.3%). Persistent long-term complications of DBS surgery included dysarthria (4.0%), worsening gait (3.8%), cognitive dysfunction (4.0%), and infection (4.4%). Revisions were completed in 25 patients (7.8%) for the following reasons: loss of effect, lack of efficacy, infection, lead fracture, and lead migration. Hardware-related complications included 12 lead fractuxres and 10 lead migrations.
Conclusions
The authors conclude that in their 10-year experience, DBS has proven to be safe for the treatment of medically refractory movement disorders.
Abbreviations used in this paper:
AC = anterior commissure; AE = adverse event; DBS = deep brain stimulation; ET = essential tremor; GPI = globus pallidus internus; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; IPG = implantable pulse generator; IVH = intraventricular hemorrhage; PC = posterior commissure; PD = Parkinson disease; PDCMDC = Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic; SDH = subdural hematoma; STN = subthalamic nucleus; TIA = transient ischemic attack; VIM = ventral intermediate nucleus.
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