Arne Ekstrom, Ph.D.1, Nanthia Suthana, B.S.1, Eric Behnke, B.S.E.2, Noriko Salamon, M.D.3, Susan Bookheimer, Ph.D.1, and Itzhak Fried, M.D., Ph.D.1,2
1Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences; 2Division of Neurosurgery; and 3Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
Abbreviations used in this paper: CT = computed tomography; DBS = deep brain stimulation; ERC = entorhinal cortex; MR = magnetic resonance; PHC = parahippocampal cortex; PRC = perirhinal cortex.
Address correspondence to: Itzhak Fried, M.D., Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-7039. email:
ifried@mednet.ucla.edu.
DOI: 10.3171/JNS/2008/108/4/0812
Localization and targeting of depth electrodes in specific regions of the human brain is critical for accurate clinical diagnoses and treatment as well as for neuroscientific electrophysiological research. By using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging combined with 2D computational unfolding, the authors present a method that improves electrode localization in the medial temporal lobe. This method permits visualization of electrode placements in subregions of the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, allowing for greater specificity in relating electrophysiological and anatomical features in the human medial temporal lobe. Such methods may be extended to therapeutic procedures targeting specific neuronal circuitry in subfields of structures deep in the human brain.
